meaning

data, information, information system, green computing, GIGO, computer literacy, SOHO

 

DATA

refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data are typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graph, images, or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data refers to a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices that collect information to convert physical quantities into symbols, that are unprocessed.

INFORMATION
concept of information is closely related to notions of constrain, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.

INFORMATION SYSTEM
is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making.

 GREEN COMPUTING
defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems—efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment

GIGO(garbage in garbage out)
phrase in the field of computer sceince or information and communication technology. It is used primarily to call attention to the fact that computer will unquestioningly process the most nonsensical of input data (garbage in) and produce nonsensical output (garbage out). It was most popular in the early days of computing, but applies even more today, when powerful computers can spew out mountains of erroneous information in a short time. The actual term "Garbage in, garbage out", coined as a teaching mantra by George Fuechsel, an IBM 305 RAMAC technician/instructor in New York, was soon contracted to the acronym "GIGO". Early programmers were required to test virtually each program step and cautioned not to expect that the resulting program would "do the right thing" when given imperfect input.

COMPUTER LITERACY
defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and related technology efficiently, with a range of skills covering levels from elementary use to programming and advanced problem solving^. Computer literacy can also refer to the comfort level someone has with using computer program and other applications that are associated with computer. Another valuable component of computer literacy is knowing how computers work and operate. Having basic computer skills is a significant asset in the developed countries.

SOHO
refers to the category of business, which involves from 1 to 10 workers. SOHO can also stand for small or home office or single office/home office. A larger business enterprise, one notch up the size scale, is often categorized as a small business. When a company reaches 100 or more employees, it is often referred to as a Small and Medium-sized Enterprised (SME).